diff --git a/spec/models/location_deactivation_period_spec.rb b/spec/models/location_deactivation_period_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..15844f836
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/location_deactivation_period_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+require "rails_helper"
+
+RSpec.describe LocationDeactivationPeriod do
+  let(:validator) { LocationDeactivationPeriodValidator.new }
+  let(:location) { FactoryBot.create(:location, startdate: now - 2.years) }
+  let(:record) { FactoryBot.create(:location_deactivation_period, deactivation_date: now, location:) }
+
+  describe "#validate" do
+    around do |example|
+      Timecop.freeze(now) do
+        example.run
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when not in a crossover period" do
+      let(:now) { Time.utc(2023, 3, 1) }
+
+      context "with a deactivation date before the current collection period" do
+        it "adds an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 1.year
+          location.location_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors[:deactivation_date]).to include "The date must be on or after the 1 April 2022"
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with a deactivation date in the current collection period" do
+        it "does not add an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 1.day
+          location.location_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when in a crossover period" do
+      let(:now) { Time.utc(2023, 5, 1) }
+
+      context "with a deactivation date before the previous collection period" do
+        it "does not add an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 2.years
+          location.location_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors[:deactivation_date]).to include "The date must be on or after the 1 April 2022"
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with a deactivation date in the previous collection period" do
+        it "does not add an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 1.year
+          location.location_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with a deactivation date in the current collection period" do
+        it "does not add an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 1.day
+          location.location_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "but the location was created in the current collection period" do
+        let(:location) { FactoryBot.create(:location, startdate:) }
+        let(:startdate) { now - 2.days }
+
+        context "with a deactivation date in the previous collection period" do
+          it "adds an error" do
+            record.deactivation_date = now - 1.year
+            location.location_deactivation_periods.clear
+            validator.validate(record)
+            start_date = startdate.to_formatted_s(:govuk_date)
+            expect(record.errors[:deactivation_date]).to include "The location cannot be deactivated before #{start_date}, the start of the collection year when it was created"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/spec/models/scheme_deactivation_period_spec.rb b/spec/models/scheme_deactivation_period_spec.rb
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f27b492b7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spec/models/scheme_deactivation_period_spec.rb
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+require "rails_helper"
+
+RSpec.describe SchemeDeactivationPeriod do
+  let(:validator) { SchemeDeactivationPeriodValidator.new }
+  let(:scheme) { FactoryBot.create(:scheme, created_at: now - 2.years) }
+  let(:record) { FactoryBot.create(:scheme_deactivation_period, deactivation_date: now, scheme:) }
+
+  describe "#validate" do
+    around do |example|
+      Timecop.freeze(now) do
+        example.run
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when not in a crossover period" do
+      let(:now) { Time.utc(2023, 3, 1) }
+
+      context "with a deactivation date before the current collection period" do
+        it "adds an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 1.year
+          scheme.scheme_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors[:deactivation_date]).to include("The date must be on or after the 1 April 2022")
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with a deactivation date in the current collection period" do
+        it "does not add an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 1.day
+          scheme.scheme_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors[:deactivation_date]).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    context "when in a crossover period" do
+      let(:now) { Time.utc(2023, 5, 1) }
+
+      context "with a deactivation date before the previous collection period" do
+        it "does not add an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 2.years
+          scheme.scheme_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors[:deactivation_date]).to include("The date must be on or after the 1 April 2022")
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with a deactivation date in the previous collection period" do
+        it "does not add an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 1.year
+          scheme.scheme_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors[:deactivation_date]).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "with a deactivation date in the current collection period" do
+        it "does not add an error" do
+          record.deactivation_date = now - 1.day
+          scheme.scheme_deactivation_periods.clear
+          validator.validate(record)
+          expect(record.errors[:deactivation_date]).to be_empty
+        end
+      end
+
+      context "but the scheme was created in the current collection period" do
+        let(:scheme) { FactoryBot.create(:scheme, created_at: now - 2.days) }
+
+        context "with a deactivation date in the previous collection period" do
+          it "adds an error" do
+            record.deactivation_date = now - 1.year
+            scheme.scheme_deactivation_periods.clear
+            validator.validate(record)
+            expect(record.errors[:deactivation_date]).to include "The scheme cannot be deactivated before 1 April 2023, the start of the collection year when it was created"
+          end
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
+end
\ No newline at end of file